The Nature of Evil in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet

Society has been preoccupied by the concept of good and evil since the emergence of civilization and, just as humankind has evolved over time, so has the definition of evil. Evil was first used to describe someone who placed themselves above others and it wasn't until the Old and Middle English period that evil became associated with wrong-doing. As time passed, the definition continued to become increasingly more specific until it reached its modern day definition: â€Å"extreme moral wickedness. (www. etymonline. com/index. php? term=evil) However, what one ultimately defines as evil depends on one's personal experiences, frame of reference, and culture. For instance, during World War II, the Americans believed that dropping an atomic bomb on Hiroshima was an act of good as it ended conflict with the Japanese. On the other hand, the Japanese viewed it as an act of evil as the bombings resulted in the deaths of thousands of people.This proves that good and evil cannot always be see n as simply black or white, but also as shades of grey making it difficult to label characters in various literary works, especially those of William Shakespeare. The ambiguity of evil in William Shakespeare's Hamlet forces spectators to interpret each character's thoughts, actions, and personality in order to place them properly on the gradient of evil. Regardless of one's personal idea of evil, Claudius can be seen as a villain from many standpoints.He constantly performs actions with malicious intent and expresses true love only for himself. The first and most important act that Claudius commits is the murder of his own brother, which he does to obtain the crown of Denmark, as described by King Hamlet's ghost: Now, Hamlet, hear. ‘Tis given out that, sleeping in my orchard, A serpent stung me – so the whole ear of Denmark Is by a forged process of my death Rankly abus'd – but know, thou noble youth, The serpent that did sting thy father's life Now wears his cro wn. (I. v. 34-40)The ghost's speech shows the true nature of Claudius' evil as he allows himself to kill his own brother. However, this is not to say that Claudius does not understand the nature of his sins. Following ‘The Murder of Gonzago', a test of his conscience set up by Hamlet, Claudius feels overwhelmed with guilt and self disgust; he attempts to repent for his sins and expresses that he realizes the magnitude of what he has done: O, my offence is rank, it smells to heaven; It hath the primal eldest curse upon't– A brother's murder. (III. iii. 37-39)This is the first and only time that the readers or spectators see Claudius acting as a normal human being and showing or recognizing his emotions. This is very important as many people believe that repentance leads to mercy. However, Claudius finds himself unable to properly do so as he comes to realize that he does not feel remorse for what he has done since he continues to reap the rewards of his deed: Pray can I not, Though inclination be as sharp as will, My stronger guilt defeats my strong intent†¦ My fault is past – but O, what form of prayerCan serve my turn? ‘Forgive me my foul murder? ‘ That cannot be, since I am still possess'd Of those effects for which I did the murder– My crown, mine own ambition, and my queen. †¦ My words fly up, my thoughts remain below. Words without thoughts never to heaven go. (III. iii. 36-40, 51-55, 97-98) If Claudius had successfully repented for his sins, he would no longer be labelled as an evil character. He is, however, unable to do so. Despite Claudius' callousness, the fact that he even attempts to repent is honourable.However, by continuing to manipulate, destroy, and murder he voids any chance of forgiveness. He uses his â€Å"son† as a scapegoat by focusing all of the negative attention on him and thus avoids negative attention himself, marries his brother's widow, turns Hamlet's childhood friends against him, and ultimately causes the deaths of all the main characters in the play. He uses his charm and political power to unleash increasing amounts of chaos proving that, â€Å"One may smile, and smile, and be a villain! † (I. v. 07) In the end, it is Claudius who is responsible for trapping otherwise innocent characters in a chain of deception, deceit, and destruction which is escapable only by death. Hamlet is the primary victim of Claudius' malevolent deeds, causing a dramatic shift in his nature. He becomes a slave to misfortune and feels the need to right the wrongs in his life, specifically the murder of his father. Upon hearing the truth about the nature of his father's death, Hamlet becomes a vital part in the cyclical pattern of evil as he vows to take revenge on his uncle, Claudius: Haste me to know't, that I with wings as swiftAs meditation or the thoughts of love May sweep me to my revenge. (I. v. 29-31) Although Hamlet is â€Å"a victim† of Claudius' deeds, the reader is unable to sustain any feeling of heightened pathos once he seeks justice by exacting revenge. However, one must take into consideration the common thought processes of the time. It wasn't until recently that society began to view retributive justice as unacceptable and morally wrong. Therefore, Hamlet would have been justified in his attempts to get revenge for his father's murder.In addition, getting revenge gives Hamlet no personal gain except the redemption of his father's name, while Claudius kills with power in mind. Furthermore, Claudius is responsible for the death of an innocent while Hamlet is only concerned with killing those who are guilty, particularly his uncle. Hamlet even takes precautions, such as arranging the performance of ‘The Murder of Gonzago', to prove his suspicions and keep a clean conscience: I'll have groundsMore relative than this—the play's the thingWherein I'll catch the conscience of the King. II. ii. 603-605) By trying to f igure out whether or not Claudius is guilty, Hamlet shows that he is trying to cause the least damage possible and does not want to kill those who do not deserve it. A truly evil person would not care whether or not their victim was innocent, as is the case with Claudius. Unfortunately, Hamlet becomes tangled up in his thoughts and emotions and causes more problems than he intends to; primarly when Hamlet and his mother are talking and Hamlet attacks Polonius who is hiding behind an arras.The attack kills Polonius, who Hamlet initially thought was Claudius. While some may consider this to be evil, Hamlet recognizes the event as a tragic accident: A bloody deed. Almost as bad, good mother, As kill a king and marry with his brother†¦ Thou wretched, rash intruding fool, farewell. I took thee for thy better. Take thy fortune. (III. iv. 28-29, 31-32) By comparing the murder of Polonius to the murder of his father, Hamlet acknowledges that what he has done is wrong but unfortunately this does not allow him to escape the repercussions which follow.Killing Polonius is the biggest mistake that Hamlet makes in the play, turning Laertes against him and leading to the death of both himself and Ophelia. Although Hamlet can be seen as unnaturally cruel many times throughout the play, he is not evil. Hamlet is simply trying to play the cards he has been dealt in life. Throughout Hamlet, Laertes is described as a very loyal and noble gentleman. Unfortunately for Laertes, he suffers the same fate as poor Hamlet. He loses his father and his sister, just as Hamlet loses his father and mother.Following his father's death, Laertes feels the need to kill to uphold his family's name. At first Laertes believes the murderer to be Claudius but when Claudius convinces him otherwise, Laertes shifts his attention towards Hamlet. In order to get Laertes to do this, Claudius manipulates him into thinking that Hamlet is the root of all evil and must be taken care of. Laertes agrees to d o so and even contributes his own ideas: I will do't. And for that purpose, I'll anoint my sword. I bought an unction of mountebank So mortal but dip a knife in it, Where it draws blood, no cataplasm so rare,Collected from all simples that have virtue Under the moon, can save the thing from death That is but scratch'd withal. I'll touch my point With this contagion, that if I gall him slightly, It may be death. (IV. vii. 139-148) Similarly to Hamlet, it is not evil that gets the best of Laertes, but his emotions. His anger and sadness cause him to react drastically and he makes decisions at a time where he is unable to think straight. Laertes later comes to realize this as he reflects upon his plan to kill Hamlet: And yet it is almost against my conscience. V. ii. 288) At this point in the play, it becomes evident that Laertes' â€Å"evil† is not of his own creation but of Claudius'. It is not only Laertes who realizes this but Hamlet as well, allowing the men to see the simi larities in their situations and apologize to one another: He is just serv'd. It is a poison temper'd by himself. Exchange forgiveness with me, noble Hamlet. Mine and my father's death come not upon thee, Nor thine on me. (V. ii. 321-325) Unlike Claudius, the men are forgiven for their sins and are able to die as heroes rather than villains.This final act of nobility is what truly defines the characters of Hamlet and Laertes, not their mishaps. William Shakespeare's Hamlet exemplifies how it is not what a character does but who a character is that determines whether they are truly evil or not. Nevertheless, that is not to say that the character's do not fall victim to temptation or evil. It is the way that they handle themselves once they have done so that allows spectators an insight into their true nature. As Hamlet says, â€Å"There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking it makes it so. † (II. ii. 245-246)

Jane Austen’s use of coincidence in Pride and Prejudice Essay

  The plot of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice relies heavily on what we call chance and coincidence. Jane Austen’s prime objective seemed to be establishing circumstances, through â€Å"chance and coincidence† which enabled opportunities for Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth to get together. She used major characters such as Mr. Collins, Mr. Wickham and Mrs. Gardiner to appear at the exact moment they were needed to establish situations that brought Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth into close proximity with one another. Through this, Ms. Austin, linked all the characters in the book to one another in some form or another. Mr. Collins is a coincidence himself. He might be an obsequious, pompous fool, who lack’s common sense but he just so happens to be the heir to Longbourn and a clergyman for Lady Catherine de Bough who just so happens to be the aunt of Mr. Darcy. His existence creates opportunities for Elizabeth and Darcy to interact. For example, at Mr. Bingley’ s party in Netherfield, Mr. Collins brought the reluctant lovers together by unwillingly and unconsciously embarrassing himself. In Jane Austen’s time, social classes were treated with the highest respect. Those higher up the social ladder take great care in keeping their position. This requires years of lessons on the proper etiquette and manners on how to behave in public. Mr. Collins, at the time had not been introduced to the prideful Mr. Darcy. Trying to start a conversation with someone of higher stature was a grave offence. Jane Austen used Mr. Collins to create opportunities where Miss Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy were forced to interact, forcing them to get closer to each other. A couple of months after Charlotte had moved in with Mr. Collins, Elizabeth decided to visit her friend and check on how she was doing now that she was living with Mr. Collins.   This visit gave Jane Austen all the freedom to let her characters run free. However, the way Jane Austen went along to write this was all wrong. When Elizabeth visited Charlotte and Mr. Collins at their home in Roseings, Mr. Collins and his wife were invited to have dinner at Lady Catherine de Bourgh’s mansion. Elizabeth was allowed to come because she was a guest of Charlotte’s. At their arrival, the group discovers that just so happened that Mr. Darcy is visiting his aunt at the same time. The same time Elizabeth was visiting Charlotte, Darcy happened to  be there. This coincidence seemed to have happened because Jane Austen wanted, in my opinion, for Mr. Darcy to see how terribly his aunt used her class to bully Elizabeth about herself, her family flaws, and her lower class. This might have brought up some empathy from Darcy, and an ability to recognize how foolish and insulting using class would be. Perhaps this meeting also resulted in some affection towards Elizabeth. Mr. Darcy is an unusual man, he is already prideful, socially awkward and straight to the point. He also always seems to be wherever Elizabeth is. The man is either stalking her or Ms. Austen is bending the truth. On a trip to the countryside with her Aunt and Uncle, Elizabeth got to discover this man’s ways of (word). Being that that Mrs. Gardiner was from a village close to Mr. Darcy’s estate, Pemberley. She decided that it would be exciting to visit the property since they were so close. Elizabeth of course worried about running into Darcy in his own home, she was a bit paranoid. She mentioned that â€Å"She felt that she had no business at Pemberley, and was obliged to assume a disinclination for seeing it.† She tried to no prevail to change her stubborn aunt’s mind â€Å"She must own that she was tired of seeing great houses; after going over so many, she really had no pleasure in fine carpets or satin curtains.† It is at this point that the coincidences Jane Austen weaves seem to get a little out of control. Upon arriving at Pemberley, Elizabeth and her relatives were blown away by the size and grandeur of the estate. Mr. Darcy’s house was so big apparently, that visitors had the opportunity to take tours of the grounds. The Gardiner’s did not come for the house, but the land and forests that surrounded the mansion. Coincidence happens while Elizabeth wanders around Mr. Darcy’s estate. Mr. Darcy suddenly shows up seemingly out of nowhere, â€Å"Their eyes instantly met, and the cheeks of both were overspread with the deepest blush,† It was Jane Austen’s goal, from the start of the book, to get these two together and to start a flame of love between them. It was quite romantic but how Mr. Darcy just appeared, seems strange. Mr. Darcy was heading to London with Mr. Bingley when he left. Being that Darcy know knew that Elizabeth was in town, and that by now it’s clear Mr . Darcy has feelings for Elizabeth, he invites Elizabeth and her Aunt and Uncle to dinner. For the most part of the book, the general mood hasn’t really seen any problems between the characters.    It seems that Jane Austen thought she  had left the characters in Meryton alone for long enough. As Elizabeth received a letter from Jane describing their situation; Lydia had run off with Wickham endangering her and her family’s reputation. The fact that Elizabeth gets this letter when she ran into Darcy, and that Darcy is the only one who could fix the problem does seem suspicions. The arrival and help of Darcy further encourages Elizabeth’s change of heart, Jane Austen planned these coincidences perfectly, pushing Elizabeth’s feeling towards Darcy stronger than before. Mr. Wickham and Mr. Darcy have a history together, throughout the book we slowly get the whole story. These two also share a few coincidences which Jane Austen tried to hide. As a child, Wickham’s father was the steward of Mr. Darcy’s father’s house. However, when Wickham’s father passed away Wickham had nowhere to go. Darcy’s father felt bad for the boy so he was taken in and treated Wickham like his own son. For some time there was peace and happiness; the boys got older as did their father. By the time his adopted father had died, Wickham had turned into a different person. He was gambling, lying, and lowlife. Any inheritance he received from his father’s death was gambled and lost. Darcy on the other hand, who had received the bulk of the cash, was smart and invested most of his money. When Wickham came crawling back for more money, he was refused. This of course didn’t make Wickham a happy man. To get revenge, he tried to elope with the young Georgina Darcy. Before the young couple could leave Darcy ended up dragging his sister back and refusing to ever see Wickham again. Darcy and Wickham are two of the main male characters. Jane Austen has done an amazing job in creating these fictional charters. But, she creates situations and makes them take choices that no normal person would ever do. For example, both Darcy and Wickham, who are from Derbyshire, come to provincial Meryton. Darcy came with Bingley house hunting and Wickham had been moved there in his regiment. However, when they both show up within days of each other, one has to wonder if this really was pure chance. Was it pure coincidence? Would it really happen?   Mr. Wickham, as I explained before, hates Mr. Darcy for refuses to give him the money he thinks he so rightfully deserves. Itching for revenge, Mr. Wickham learns of Mr. Darcy’s plans to go to Meryton. I believe Mr. Wickham jumped at this opportunity. He switched (battalions) to go to Meryton. However, Mr. Darcy was far too powerful and influential for Mr. Wickham to hurt him physically or economically. As a crafty fellow, he went after something dearer to Mr. Darcy’s heart; Elizabeth! It makes sense! I wondered why Wickham would choose Elizabeth of all the Bennet sisters to favour his attentions. He seems to like women who are compliant and preferably with money, yet he picks Elizabeth, who is not as beautiful as Jane, nor as flirtatious as Lydia, and who has no money. He doesn’t seem the sort of fellow who would like a women who challenges and teases him, yet he still chooses Elizabeth. Why? Elizabeth, her sisters and Mr. Collins are walking down the street when they spot Denny and Wickham coming the other direction. Kitty and Lydia want to meet this new handsome fellow, so under the pretense of wanting something from a shop, they lead the others across the street. They have just reached the pavement where they encounter Denny and Wickham who have now chang ed directions and come back –an extraordinarily detailed and unnecessary stage direction, but when you play it out, it means Denny and Wickham are now facing in the direction that they will see someone riding from Netherfield in the direction of Longbourn. Darcy and Bingley ride down the street on their way to Longbourn and distinguish â€Å"the ladies of the group.† They come forward, Bingley converses with Jane, and Darcy proceeded to bow to the ladies. Darcy, who would have been missing Elizabeth’s presence at Netherfield, â€Å"was beginning to determine not to fix his eyes on Elizabeth,† so one can assume that until that point his eyes were in fact fixed on her. Presumably he’s paying no attention to the men in ordinary dress, but when he looks away from Elizabeth as part of his determination not to look at her, he notices Wickham.   Now let’s take the same scene from Wickham’s point of view. He is being introduced to some pretty ladies when Darcy and some other fellows ride up to the group. Darcy’s gaze is fixed on one of the ladies. Wickham would notice Darcy’s presence right away. The observant and enterprising fellow that he is, he would also notice who Darcy happens to be staring at in his love-struck way. Wickham knows Darcy very well, much better than Charlotte Lucas who is then able to recognize Darcy’s interest in Elizabeth. Would he not see it as well, and perceive both a danger and an opportunity there? The very next time Wickham sees Elizabeth, he singles her out and asks her â€Å"hesitatingly† about her acquaintance with Darcy. She  doesn’t mince words in her reply. What an opportunity for Wickham – he can pour his poison into the ear of the woman Darcy wants for himself, and then he’s going to charm her to boot. He’d derive a lot of pleasure from making Darcy’s love interest fall in love with him instead. After Elizabeth returns from Kent, she tells Wickham in late May that she and Darcy became better acquainted at Roseings and that she has changed her mind about him, and she is openly amused when he refers to Darcy’s supposed engagement to Anne de Bough. Wouldn’t Wickham, knowing of Darcy’s past interest in Elizabeth, assume that their relationship might now be romantic? Fast forward to Brighton, where Wickham out of the blue starts romancing Lydia, in whom he has never shown interest before. Is it because she’s easy or because he sees her as Darcy’s potential sister-in-law, and therefore a source of both revenge and money? Suppose, then, that Lydia happens to mention to him in late June the news that Lizzy, who was supposed to go to the Lakes, is going to Derbyshire instead. Why would Elizabeth unexpectedly be going to Derbyshire, and to a village not five m iles from Pemberley? Wickham sees an opportunity, and he elopes with Lydia just over a month later on August 1. It seems likely, broken down that way, that Wickham actively targeted Elizabeth and later Lydia as a means of revenge on Darcy. Pride and Prejudice follows the main character Elizabeth Bennet as she deals with issues of manners, upbringing, morality, education, and marriage in the society of the landed gentry of early 19th-century England. The author Jane Austen did a brilliant job in writing this book, we discover an exciting storyline full of suspense and romance, and a cast of characters that have kept this book alive throughout the ages. Mrs. Austen’s obvious objective was to establish circumstances, through â€Å"chance and coincidence† which enabled opportunities for Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth see past each other’s pride and prejudice to, in the end, get together. To establish situations that brought Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth into close proximity with one another, she used major characters such as Mr. Collins, Mr. Wickham and Mrs. Gardiner to appear at the exact moment they were needed. She was also able to connect all of these characters together in one way or another. Coincidences happ en in our world all the same as the ones in fictional works of art. However, we don’t seem to notice these connections until after we think and reflect. This is what I have done with this essay, I believe that I have uncovered some exciting coincidences Jane Austen wove into Pride and Prejudice, but I don’t believe I have covered them all. This is all the more reason that Jane Austen is an amazing author, she makes us have to go back and think about what we just read to discover the true meaning behind her words.

Are standards really necessary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Are standards really necessary - Essay Example The tasks in making the financial statement are becoming more and more complicated because of the changes in the disclosure and regulatory requirements. According to the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) (2009), the interest on such regulation has given much attention because of the impact of the financial crisis, issues of accuracy and the increasing number of business and stakeholders today. If the increase of regulatory requirement is a meaningful improvement, then understanding on some of its aspects should be enumerated to see if the regulations have contributed to the problems, and whether companies and financial institutions could have acted more responsibly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus this paper will give focus on whether standards are really necessary in the preparation of financial statements. It will also consider the question if the governing regulations are too much to be implemented. And lastly, whether the company is using the improved or the traditional way, the advantage and disadvantages will be tackled. The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) has drawn up and published a new set of accounting standards called the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) which are now applied globally (Weets, n.d., p. 1). According to the International Accounting Standards Board (2007, p. 28), IFRS is developed by an open public observation that involves accountants and different financial statement users around the world. IFRS development and interpretations are all through an international due process. Authorities are establishing this heavy-handed and more complex approach because of the recent failures of regulation. Many countries including the 9,000 public companies in European Union, Middle East, Russia, China, Japan and Australia believe that this new regulation is the appropriate solution

A report on how to keep stock cost under the revenue budget in your Essay

A report on how to keep stock cost under the revenue budget in your ward as a manager - Essay Example The financial controls systems include internal and external auditing as a major part of evaluating, monitoring and validating the financial statements of the organization. The financial control measures are designed by those people in the organization who are charged with management and governance. A financial control environment mainly consists of auditing and accounting. The financial control within an organization is used to ensure that the risks levels within the organization are controllable. A financial control system involves the implementation of the different financial measures to evaluate and monitor the performance of an organization. The focus of the financial control system may be on a product, a department or the organization as a whole. The financial control system establishes a contradicting view to that of a balanced scorecard as it establishes that the financial results are major drivers of the organizational performance (Callaghan, Savage and Mintz, 2007, pp.9-12). It is important to develop suitable financial measures for evaluating the performance and the targets of an organization because the external stakeholders of the business will rely on the financial statements and the financial reporting done by the organization. Therefore following suitable accoun ting and auditing systems within the financial control environment is critical for improving the performance and goodwill of the organization. The main objective of the financial control environment is to increase the operational efficiency and performance of the organization while maintaining the activities in compliance with the standard policies and regulations. The financial control environment in the healthcare industry is a critical aspect of the financial management in the industry. The financial control measures are directed to monitor and measure the financial resources and financial activities within an organization (Sarens

E-Business Technologies have altered the Nature of Competition within Essay

E-Business Technologies have altered the Nature of Competition within Amazon - Essay Example A variety of e-business technologies and its applications are developed to enhance commerce online through internet. Though World Wide Web is considered to be the only e-business technology but the reality is that it is the only one feature amongst several other features (Fontana, 2000, pp.9-10). E-business technologies are composed of a set of technologies that work through internet. These e-business technologies comprises of websites, search engines, browsers, e-procurement software etc. On the other hand, internet can solely be described as several computers connected together in a form of network through telephone lines or other tools. As electronic business involves a large number and variety of technologies so the range of its applications is also large (Gladwin, 2001, pp.12). E-business affects business from the first step to the last. It marks the definition of the product as it is easier to redefine the current product. In e-business through technology it has also become easier to introduce new products and services. E-business has also changed the features of the traditional trade. E-business has effects on all steps of commerce from development of products or services to dealing with suppliers and distributors to sending of products or services to the customers. It has also led businessmen into difficulty in starting a business (Ball & McCulloch, 1999, pp. 222-228). Also, in e-business following what others are doing may not be a good criterion for starting an e-business as for example some clothing companies stepped into e-business by developing their websites where customers can easily see the company†™s designs and products and place their orders online. But the same sort of e-business may not be a good start for other companies dealing in some other goods or services (Cox, 2000, pp.32). For example: businessmen dealing in vegetables and fruits while seeing the rise in the trend of e-business in fashion tried to follow their steps but unfortunately they fail as customers would prefer to go to vegetable market for buying vegetable rather than placing order online (Conner, 2001, pp.13). Inventions in existing technologies are taking place and researchers come up with innovative technology gadgets every day. Whenever any innovative technology is invented, it is assumed that it will further simplify the existing technology, would be more efficient and would also be user friendly. At the same time it would also save time and reduce cost. But the technologies that were invented since early 1980s gave a chance to entirely change the practices in businesses that were in vogue then and to adopt completely new methods (Corcoran, 2001, pp.13). But, unfortunately those modernizations were not readily accepted and followed by the companies. In e-business the innovative technologies provide commerce with an opportunity to disconnect with the past and start afresh. This gives the firms a chance to revolutionize and get an economical benefit over their competitors. The most important factor that is of major concern to the businessmen is the quick alteration and uncertainty in the business environment. There are several reasons of this quick alteration and uncertainty in the business environment among them the most important ones are new technological inventions, diversified and rapidly changing market needs, growing competition and challenging customers with growing demands (Bull, 2000, pp. 102-143). The risky activities relating to business are increased due to the quickly altering and uncertain kind of business environm

Politics is to be done by one or a few, not by many Essay

Politics is to be done by one or a few, not by many - Essay Example According to Aristotle, individuals who are naturally able to come up with a generation of powerful and leading members of a community for political positions are chosen to represent the highest point in government (Aristotle, 80). These members of a community with exceptional attributes and features make leadership associated with only one or a few but not many. On the other hand, citizens who submit to be governed by these special leaders are placed on political command which implies that they are adapted for aristocracy. In addition to this, the leaders end up well-matched for constitutional freedom, existing naturally as a group capable of ruling and creating way for other well to do leaders (Aristotle, 81) Owing to this account, in case an entire family or one person turns out to be so preeminent leading to surpassing everyone else in a nation, then it is evident that they need to be royal families and ultimate to all. This is easily explained when one person stands and becomes a king of an entire country. Aristotle further suggests that giving select individuals an opportunity to lead is not only acceptable to the basis of right, which the initiators of all nations, whether aristocratic or oligarchic or in addition democratic, are familiar with, but works with the already established leadership policies. In fact, it is not justifiable to kill, or ostracize or put to exile this kind of person or suggest that they should take their turn in being ruled (Aristotle, 196).

Quiz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Social Aspects of Law (UK) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social Aspects of Law (UK) - Essay Example tain, as well as deport. In all of these instances except for deportation, the UK Border Agency’s activities apply to both citizens and non-citizens of the UK. In this regard, there is reason for consideration of application of PACE-like standards to the UK Border Patrol in order to standardize its police powers and procedures. 18b. Suppose we had NO state-provided legal aid or advice systems whatsoever in place in this country. Make 5 suggestions for the introduction of an entirely new system of state provision in this area. (1.2) If the country were completely lacking in legal aid and advice systems, an opportunity would exist to suggest an arbitration system that would resolve problems through alternative dispute methods rather than through escalation into the legal justice system. Legal aid can be considered in regard to both civil and criminal matters, as well as in assistance to plaintiffs and defendants. In most instances, the aid is provided to criminal defendants, but there are instances of activist cases where plaintiffs form a claim for reparations or damages, as in a class action procedure. Thus, the recommendation would be do create two distinct assistance foundations for criminal and civil cases to be heard by experts in each field, and for sections to be dedicated to the defense and prosecution as required by the local caseload. Public funding for defenders should be used for paid staff on a permanent basis, and where demand for assistance exceeds the time of staff on-hand, provisions for budgetary supplement and additional hiring should be undertaken. Law students should be provided an opportunity to volunteer and assist with various clerk, paralegal, and advice counseling. Finally, defense assistance should work with and develop more functional ties with social services and volunteer groups helping people to recover from aspects of crime, addiction, abuse, trauma, etc. in society. 19a. Explain the context and meaning of Strict Liability and discuss whether or not it is fair to include it in certain laws. Do you think that the type or extent of punishment for someone found guilty of a strict liability crime should be different to the type and extent of punishment for someone found guilty of a crime where Mens Rea has to be provided? (2.1) Legal standards restrict the application of strict liability primarily to Tort Law as a consequence of business practices or corporate operations where the field of operation has an acknowledged consumer responsibility such as food products, pharmaceuticals, or transportation operations. In these instances, it is accepted as a course of operation that standards of safety must apply to all aspects of operation. In this context, strict liability may apply even when there is no â€Å"guilty mind† or Mens Rea and intention to cause damage on behalf of the business. Indeed, the company may sincerely regret the harm and damage done to

Book Review of the Omnivore's Dilemma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Book Review of the Omnivore's Dilemma - Essay Example The book raises myriad inquisitions which evolve from the genius mind of Pollan regarding the nature of diet for the Omnivores and satisfy thereby those inquisitions in a very simple and straightforward way. The Review Omnivores are the consumers of the divergent varieties of food. They are the most unselective species when it comes down to diet. Conscious humans, being omnivores, generally face dilemma regarding their choice of food. Pollan tried his best to quench this confusion in human mind through his detailed research regarding the food chain and nature of consumption prevailing in humans. Pollan throws light widely on the nature and types of industrial foods, organic foods and the food that humans look for themselves. The detailed research work captivated within the pages of the enlightening document by Pollan, â€Å"The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals† throws light on the sources of the meals in omnivores to the transition of those sources in to a final complete meal for humans. Moreover, amid the process of evolving the procedure of the transition of various scattered food materials into complete meals, Pollan was successful in developing and identifying a healthy account of American way of eating.

Decision making on workplace Essay Example for Free

Decision making on workplace Essay In my workplace I look after a gentleman who likes to go to the shops on his own. He is deemed too have mental capacity to make this decision. On making this decision it was discussed with him what certain protocols we needed to put in place to support him and to make this happen safely. This man is very much involved in his care plan and he has read, and reviews his care plan when changes are needed. Firstly it was explained to this man that we needed to put a risk assessment in place which says if anything was to happen to him when he was out and about that he took full responsibility of what might happen, for example if this man was to fall when out by himself that the workplace would take no responsibility for this, this man was very happy with this statement and was willing to sign and agree to this risk assessment. The family were also made aware of this decision and were happy for this to be put in place. Family suggested that maybe before he goes out that he was to tell a member of staff where and when he was going, just so that someone is aware. All parties agreed to this. Letting this man go out to the shops by himself really helps with his self-esteem because it makes him feel important, respected and makes him feel like he is as independent as possible and that he doesn’t have to ask all the time about what he wants to do. Also if any changes have been made to his care plan for whatever reason he is always consulted first and asked if he is happy with the decisions that are being made. If he isn’t happy for whatever reason he is more than capable to speak up and say what he would like or prefer. On the other hand if this man didn’t have the mental capacity to make any of these decision or had no family to make decisions on behalf of him and advocate would be brought in and they would be able to make best interest decisions on behalf of him.

Analysis of Globalisations Effect on China

Analysis of Globalisations Effect on China Globalization†, a term developed for common usage in the 1980s to represent the progressing motion or movement between nations, intellect and wisdom, trades and money across the continent that has led to growth of interdependent behavior among themselves, economically, politically, socially and culturally. Though when mentioning the word â€Å"Globalization†, it is usually recognized as being driven by a combination of economic and technological factor. According to a paper written by Brandon Levy (2012), he explained that, â€Å"Globalization is the process of increased interconnectedness among countries. The prosperous economic development that is typically gained because of the increased interconnectedness among countries usually results in a better standard of living, and an overall improved quality of life. The successful economic development of a nation hinges on its ability to globalize. Given that the international integration of national economies has such a profound effect, globalization plays a central role in determining the future of the world.† While globalization, to many, provides a sign of supremacy as having the key to make societies prosperous through trade, at the same time sharing their intelligence and education proficiency to people around the world, there are still numerous populations who perceives globalization as the root of the global problem where some who are well-off and educated are exploiting the needy through different means and tactics throwing more chaos into the situation as we know it, and also as a threat that accelerated modernization might eventually harm the conventional cultures they have practiced before globalization took over. So does globalization create a negative or positive impact on the world? An example of world’s leaders believes that globalization and capitalism is the best cure for solving conflict. According to a speech by ex-leader of WTO, Pascal Lamy (2004), â€Å"For the fact is that globalization is currently a two sided coin: one bright, the other excessively dark. The bright side is important. Globalization can bring spectacular success – like the 200 million people lifted our of poverty in China since 1990, a single fact which alone makes it possible to envisage the Millennium Development Goal of halving world poverty. † (P.1), He believes that globalization might have its dark side of the coin but through it, the conflict that comes together with globalization will be contained. He also concluded that the WTO and the Doha negotiations can be an effective tool in harnessing globalization in the interests of all, and combating thee darker side of the moon†¦ Another example, Robert E. Litan explained that, â€Å"In the end, we cannot avoid the challenge of globalization. Meeting it through unilateralism or one worldism is likely both to destabilize the world economy and slow improvements in living standards at home and abroad. Instead we should embrace the opportunities that globalization affords, ease the anxieties it generates, and reform and strengthen the international economic institutions created to promote both global economic stability and growth.† The author of the article leans towards the idea of globalization with how it can be controlled and stabilized through work and an amount of time, with very little discontent for the matter. The growing rivalry between China and Japan could serves as an example that globalization does indeed, do not help solve feuds between countries that are involved in economic globalization terms. Bitter history of the bloodthirsty invasion of China in 1937 by japan took place which only ended in year 1945, relation between either countries has not improved. The famous incident that appeared on headlines stories over the claim of the Senkaku island (known as in japan) also called â€Å"Diaoyu Dao† (name in China) goes on to this day even with their economic terms, where both countries argues with their part of the stories for their right of ownership over the island located in the south China sea. Due to the fact that the island being near important shipping lanes offering rich fishing grounds and lies near potential oil and gas reserves, also located in a strategic position amid rising competition of the US and China for military domination in the Asia-Pacific region. Against this background, a difference of opinion over five desolated islands and three barren rocks has become progressively provocative. China regards the â€Å"nationalization† of what it calls the Diaoyu islands by the Japanese in 2012 as a severe threat and will do everything that is necessary to defend its jurisdiction. Japan, meanwhile, which calls the territory the Senkaku islands, displaying its version of defense by broadening the area of patrol over the islands with countless warships and planes and plans to try to involve the participation of the US to their side against the matter. With China growing in power and influence due to globalization, as like any other empire in the past, as its power grows, that power is ineluctably projected to surround immediate neighboring countries and, in time, geographical regions and even whole continents. With this imbalanced strength in the area of Asia, China’s growing eagerness to throw its weight around has put other neighboring countries on brink and triggered them to seek U.S. assistance, the only possible means that can keep China in-check as an equal or more. Beginning from the year of 2010, China constantly fueled the concerns of its neighbors with unending, disturbing diplomatic and military moves, including their eye catching dispute currently still ongoing on the South China Sea, where it is believed that profitable resources are hidden but more importantly, the routes commercial ships passes through are located in the area. This region has sparked countless conflicts between countries nearby with different parts occupied by one another. Nonetheless, China claimed the largest portion over the South China Sea, an area that encircles the South China Sea district like a U-shaped section. Through globalization, China has gained immense power through a period of time and is gradually getting carried away with its actions. In cases where if the U.S. is unable to provide assurance to China’s neighboring countries, situations may turn the other way round and most likely gone aggressive, which will in time become a reality if no further actions are taken. With this in mind, I do think that globalization has more negative effects than positive due to the amount of imbalance the world is facing at this point of time, where countries are flourishing in their wealth and others that couldn’t keep up the pace has fallen right to the bottom of the â€Å"food chain†. Word count : 1068 References The Role of â€Å"Globalization† in Economic  Development,  Brandon Levy, University of Houston  (http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2233648) Globalization and Trade : How to make sure there is space for development?  Speech by Pascal Lamy, Sophia University, Tokyo  (http://ec.europa.eu/archives/commission_1999_2004/lamy/speeches_articles/spla232_en.htm) The â€Å"Globalization† Challenge: The U.S. Role in Shaping World Trade and Investment  Article by Robert E. Litan  Senior fellow in Economic Studies, Brookings  http://www.brookings.edu/research/articles/2000/03/spring-globaleconomics-litan How uninhabited islands soured China-Japan ties  http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-11341139 China and Japan on the brink of Third World War  Article written by Hilary Douglas  http://www.express.co.uk/news/world/462565/China-and-Japan-on-the-brink-of-Third-World-War Obama heads to Asia with sharp focus on China’s growing power  Article written by David Nakamura and William Wan  http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/obama-heads-to-asia-with-sharp-focus-on-Chinas-growing-power/2011/11/10/gIQAOsQkBN_story.html

Ethics of Governments Stance of Homosexuality Essay -- essays researc

Homosexuality, when defined by a dictionary, reads [as a] "sexual desire or behavior directed toward a person or persons of one's own sex ." While its opposite, heterosexuality, is described as: "[a] sexual feeling or behavior directed toward a person or persons of the opposite sex ." Homosexuality can be traced back to the earliest pieces of recorded history, although its definitive origin is unknown, many scientists believe that homosexuality exists in nature, although this is subject to interpretation ("Homosexuality" Wikipedia). Throughout its existence, this lifestyle, or as some call, "choice" has been subject to overly harsh scrutiny from both the legislature and culture. Why should it, that a nation which is founded on principles of freedom, not allow their own citizens to be able practice homosexuality free from societal and government persecution and discrimination? The foundation of the American government is known as the constitution, this document is what all freedoms given to the citizens of the United States receive, along with passages on government. It states...

Psychotherapy Essay -- Psychodynamic Therapy

The aim of psychotherapy is to encourage self-awareness and self-evaluation in order to enable transformation and facilitate possibility. It is this self-evaluation process that is crucial to personal agency (McKay, 1987) and integral to psychodynamic therapy (PDT) and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). This essay will critically evaluate cognitive behavioural and psychodynamic theories regarding self-awareness and self-evaluation and explore ways in which these theories and their understanding of self may be utilised within clinical hypnosis. CBT and rational emotive behaviour therapy REBT (Ellis, 1955) rely on self-reflection and evaluation in order to achieve success. CBT utilises the stimulus -response (SR) model (Pavlov, 1903). Reflexive response to stimulus (Gross, 2005) becomes modified to stimulus –cognition- response (SCR) (Beck, 1967). This introduces a reflective element, similar to the input- processing -output schema found in the computational model of the mind (Putman, 1961, 1988; Fodor, 1979). Decision-making and rationality (Jones and Pulos, 1993) are employed in order to negotiate knowledge of internal influence. Once this knowledge is perceived cognitions are evaluated and reassessed before rational alternatives are generated (Ellis, 1962). Thereby introducing the possibility of transformation. CBT is most effective with anxiety disorders (Beck et al 1985; Schoenberger et al, 1997; Brown 2007) and eating disorders (Baker and Nash, 1987; Griffiths et al, 1996). Meta analysis also supports the use o f CBT with depression (Gaffan, Tsaosis, Kemp-Wheeler, 1995; Butter and Beck, 2000). However, whilst some studies suggest that CBT is most effective when used alone i.e. without drugs (Marks, Swinson, Basoglu, Kuch, N... ...hin hypnotherapeutic practice. Freud’s regression technique is usefully employed within hypnosis in order to gain insight or to recognise the source of a problem e.g. inner child work, counting back. Furthermore, Freud’s concept regarding trauma fixation which concerns psychosexual stages may be used to indicate the root cause of habitual behaviours e.g. oral re: eating, oral aggressive re: nail biting, anal-retentive re: OCD. Having said this it is important to recognise the flaws within Freud’s research. Firstly, his sample group are not universally representative. Secondly, the culture and era make theories less relevant to today. Furthermore, research comes from a personal perspective and therefore is not empirically sound. It could also be argued that too much emphasis is put on sexuality being at the root of psychological and behavioural problems throughout.

Visitor and The Speckled Band Fitting into the Short Story Genre :: Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Roald Dahl Essays

Visitor and The Speckled Band Fitting into the Short Story Genre The aspects of a typical short story genre are a misleading title, an unsure opening, little knowledge of characters, short time scale, little setting and a typical ending. In the two short stories ' Visitors ' and ' The Adventure of The Speckled Band ' there are aspects of both stories which show a typical short story genre. In ' Visitor ' the title is suggesting that the story will have a visitor of some description but this could be a relative, friend or even an unexpected guest. Also it may be a planned visit but either way the title is a misleading one. The visitor in ' Visitor ' is robber yet in this story a robber isn't an unwanted guest but an expected one. In reply the police are unwanted guests who not expected. " This is a robbery ", this is not the sort of thing we would call normal but in ' Visitor ' it is. The robbers in ' Visitor ' are " professional people " where as the police are not. With the police being described as " young men " something which normally would be described as robbers. The roles have been reversed in ' Visitor ' with the robbers being the usual visitors and the police being the unwanted visitors. The opening of a short story is always very unsure and brief. " Not again, not so soon! " here the audience is thrown straight into the story without really knowing anything about what is going on. The very start of ' Visitor ' is anonyous " she saw the mini bus ", gives the story a scared and nervous beginning. " The knocking was confident but not intimidating. Civilised ", This being unexpected as you wouldn't expect this of a robber but more of somebody you were expecting or somebody you were aquainted with.The thought of 3 men, 2 well proportioned, 1 normal size would normally be quite threatening but not in ' Visitor '. The characters in ' Visitor ' are normal yet unauthodox yet methodically they worked. The roles have been reveresed. With the robbers being civil and the police being unprofessional. There is no real main character and all of the characters are only briefly described. The universal figure in ' Visitor ', Mrs Morrison is somebody we as the audience find little about. Also with it being a short story there is not much time to envolve that many characters in it so there are only very few. The timescale of a short story is only very short and this can create

Band of Brothers by Stephen Ambrose

This book report is written in fulfillment of the requirements for (class subject e. g. Hist. 108) under Professor (professor’s name). Band of Brothers is a novel based on the events of World War II, emphasizing more on the lives of the soldiers, particularly the paratroopers of Easy company, 506 regiment of the 101st Airborne Division of the United States Army. Paratroopers are trained soldiers launched into battle by parachute into areas inaccessible by aerial bombing.Written by Stephen Ambrose and published by Simon and Schuster in 2001, Band of Brothers, has been an all time best seller which was made into a mini series by HBO in association with Dreamworks, edited by Billy Fox and directed by Phil Alden Robinson. Life in the military has always been a fascination of many young men. All the amazing weapons and gears that they use in battle, the handsome uniforms, not to mention the recognition and accolade that one can receive sounds like a promising career. A priceless ho nor which brings pride that lasts beyond your lifetime.If one decides to pursue a career in the armed forces, one must be ready to make all the adjustments and face the challenges, not only that of a rigorous training, but a life in the battle field. A soldier’s life, activity and relationships literally changes the moment training commences. The armed forces is a stratified society full of rigidity. A soldier has to understand the hierarchy and chain of command and must learn to obey first before complaining (not that one is allowed to complain). The inability to perform a particular duty, due to whatever reason, is inexcusable, therefore punishable. A soldier’s life is full of misconceptions.Civilians mostly view them as fortunate individuals who enjoy a lot of privileges both from the government and the private sector. Stephen Ambrose used a lot of characters to portray the lives of soldiers in Easy company. Captain Herbert M. Sobel was the commanding officer of Eas y company in the 2nd battalion 506th parachute infantry regiment of the 101st airborne division. He was very strict and usually rude, squeezing the energy of his soldiers during training. He doesn’t tolerate anything that he feels like not tolerating to the point of just simply finding errors on his soldiers just for the heck of it.Although disliked by most of his soldiers, his attitude towards training and his ways of implementing training schedule and activities helped in the honing of his soldiers’ skills and intelligence. In the mini series, David Schwimmer played the role of Captain Sobel. Lt. Richard D. Winters, played by actor Damian Lewis, was the second in command of Captain Sobel. Lt. Winters outdo Captain Sobel in the field. Although a Jew, he was respected and well-liked by the soldiers. Scott Grimes played the role of technical sergeant Donald Malarkey who was refused admission to the Marines due to dental issues.He also tried Army Air Corps, but due to ma th requirements, still he was not admitted. He only became a member of E company (Easy company) when he volunteered to be a part of the paratroops of the United States Army. He was awarded the Bronze star medal for his participation on D-Day’s Brecourt Manor Assault in Normandy. Captain Ronald Speirs was initially company D’s (Dog company) platoon leader. During the end of the Battle of the Bulge in Bastogne, Captain Speirs was reassigned to command Easy company. 2nd Lt. Clifford Carwood Lipton a. k. a Lip, joined E company in 1942.From Private he was promoted to company first sergeant, then to second lieutenant. Band of Brothers is a historical documentary novel telling the story of the lives and experiences of airborne soldiers during World War II. 1942 marked the year when the United States Army Airborne Division formed the second battalion of the 506th parachute infantry regiment in Toccoa, Georgia (Ambrose 2001). The story began in Toccoa, Georgia when the U. S. a rmy is preparing for battle against the Germans. Under the command and rigid training of Captain Herbert M.Sobel, the soldiers of E company endured rigorous and severe training. Their company was known to be the best in the regiment and Captain Sobel prided himself on that; and because of their reputation, they were always given the toughest assignments. E company trained for ninety days which included lectures, physical exercises, obstacle courses and field simulations after which, they were deployed to England on board a ship in preparation for the invasion of Hitler’s Third Reich. Their task is to penetrate enemy lines and subjugate German Artillery.On June 6, 1944 in Normandy, the soldiers had their first jump which did not go as planned. Due to heavy firing on the ground, planes carrying the paratroopers flew at high speeds with only a short distance from the ground (Ambrose 2001). One of the planes got hit, went on fire and crash to the ground. Nevertheless, the troop w as able to arrive at Carentan, gained control of the area then they flew back to Aldbourne. On September 17, 1944, the troops made their second jump in Holland which was executed perfectly. After completing their mission in the area, they also fought in the Battle of the Bulge.The paratroopers arrived in Germany on the second day of April, 1945 where the enemies finally surrendered. They celebrated their victory in Austria where they drank alcohol and took a lot of things from the Germans like jewelry and lugers. When the war was over, they parted ways and took different paths. As often as possible, a reunion is made in New Orleans where they all could catch up while remembering the years they spent at war. My impression on the book is positive. Stephen Ambrose was able to make World War II a more relatable event to ordinary people.He was able to show two perspectives of the story – officers’ point of view and the soldiers’ point of view. The story was able to s how that an army officer is not perfect. He might be very good at one thing, but he still has his flaws, like Captain Sobel who was very good at training men but performs poorly on the field. Soldiers are also human beings who feel fear, stress, anxiety and bleeds inside out; but the important thing is ones ability to endure whatever hardships that one has to face in carrying out his duty to the country and the people. They are always together and yet, they feel alone in the battle field.War means death, and these men had to psyche themselves up to be ready in all aspects – physically, emotionally, spiritually and mentally. Focusing on one particular battalion like Easy company, the author was able to present the lives of soldiers in the battlefield. Their ‘humanness’ were more felt and their bond as brothers in their cause was strongly established. However, Ambrose’s exposure of their ‘humanness’ can be a downside as this could lead to debate s and issues regarding the deployment of soldiers to war in support of allied nations under fire.But then again, the personal approach employed by Ambrose in writing the story made the events of World War II more relevant in the lives of people. Band of Brothers enabled us to understand, at a deeper level, the struggles and hardships that soldiers face. True, recognitions and accolades are given, but such can only be enjoyed by them if they are lucky to be alive. Bibliography Stephen Ambrose (2008). â€Å"Band of Brothers. † 123 Helpme. com. 04 January 2006. 05 January 2008. . Stephen E. Ambrose (2001). â€Å"Band of Brothers. † Simon and Schuters. ISBN: 0743216385 Band of Brothers by Stephen Ambrose Airborne Division of the United States Army was formed in Toccoa, Georgia. They were trained under Capt. Sorbel.. Members of the battalion voluntered for the job for the money, thrill, honor and to be the best among the ordinary infantry men. Because the Band of Brothers was narrated from the points of view of the soldiers of Company E or the Easy Company, the story is unique for the narration was so vivid that a reader would feel that he is there fighting with the band of brothers. Because of the physical requirements during the training only few made it to their graduation day.Here the story is significant for a soldier because the story is about the everyday life of a soldier in the boot camp and in the field—not a story about generals and admirals usually made by most movie companies. It tells a soldier that even how much he has suffered while training it doesn’t guarantee that he would survive in war. From Toccoa the company was sent to Fort Benning for their jumpi ng course. Their earlier training at the boot camp hardened them physically that they even outlasted the physical fitness trainers at the fort.This is the reality about soldiery. There are soldiers who are better than the trainers themselves. After only five jumps, ironically they were made as parachutists, and after nine months of training were sent to England on board a transport ship to prepare themselves for the invasion against the Third Reich of Hitler. The writer narrates the daily regimen of the company while in training in England. The narration was from the points of view from both the officers and men of the Easy Company.Both the movie and the book depict the confusion, heroism and struggle during the time the company jumped into the countryside where they were separated from each other. Many landed on buildings, trees, farm houses, fences, carts, houses, rafters and in the middle of enemies since they jumped behind enemy lines at dawn. There was chaos all around but many maintain their composure as hardened soldiers of Easy Company. Their job was to silence the German artillery and neutralize the enemy soldiers guarding the guns. They effectively put their hard training into practice.The highlight of the Band of Brothers is how Lt. Richard Winters achieved the mission. The book narrates: â€Å" By this time, about 0700, E company consisted of two light machine guns, one bazooka (no ammunition), one 60 mm†¦. † But with less than 100 men from the original 139 jumpers, Lt. Winters’s men were able to accomplish the mission. The mission was done without heroic deeds of a few. They fought as a team and with the right maneuvers attacked the German platoon guarding the battery emplacement. This is also about the best aspect on soldiery.As a soldier, you have also to protect not your life but also your brothers in arms. In this kind of situation, a soldier usually has to consider that everyone in his group as his brother. Why? Because the y shed blood and tears together or suffer pain together. They are blood brothers, so to speak. The book quotes one of the men: â€Å" We fought as a team†¦we were like machine†¦We knocked it out or made it withdraw by maneuver and teamwork†¦We were smart†¦we had learned that heroics was the way to get killed without getting the job done†¦.† Easy Company continued to fight in Normandy until it was pulled out and deployed to Utah beach. They were about 139 when they exited from the plane’s door. And ended the battle with only 79 remaining men. In the movie, you can feel the struggle of private Albert Blithe. He has to overcome fear, as every soldier has experienced fear. Winters, on his part, has suffered anguish after he shot a German teenage soldier. The company jumped into Holland under Operation: Market Garden and fought until November 1944.The company also heroically defended Bastogne almost to the last man. . In the movie, the German Army s ent couriers to relay offer the message of the German commander of Bastogne for them to surrender or perish. Winters made a succinct reply: â€Å"Nuts. † They held their trenches until reinforcements arrived. Then the men of Company E fought in the famous Battle of the Bulge, which marked the defeat of the German Panzer division. Winters’ men continued fighting and were the first to occupy Hitler’s mountain retreat known as the Eagle’s Nest.From Austria the battalion was redeployed to a town near Paris and on November 30, 1945, the 101st Airborne Battalion was deactivated. What’s the significance of the story to a plain infantry man? I can say that the Band of Brothers is one of the few stories written from the testimonies of actual combatants without fanfare or garnishment for use in movies. The book tells the story of leadership amid blood, guts and tears and about overcoming fear by soldiers and officers alike. It tells the credo of an American general who says â€Å" The more you sweat in peace and less you bleed in war. † But many die in war.

Case Study of Time-Critical Management Essay

Based on the EMV done above, the optimum decision strategy based on the cost alone is to get the component from ARC solution and transport it via Land route. Consider the calculations attached in Memo 1 to draw the conclusion in the above analysis Sensitivity Analysis Resale of new thrust reverser . Considering the ‘Y’ as the number of years after which we are able to sell the newly purchased Thrust Reverser (Node B). As seen from Memo 2, the optimum decision strategy remains the same as long as ‘Y’ is equal or more than 2 years. Probability of whether BCS component is fit or not Consider the probability that the BCS component will fit is ‘p’ and then the probability that BCS component will not fit is (1-p) As seen from calculation done from Memo 3, The optimum decision strategy remains the same as long as p < 51.7 %. Since its mention that the probability that BCS component fits is 35% to 50%, the optimum decision remains the same. Based on the sensitivity analysis done above, our optimum decision strategy doesn’t change unless the variables take unreasonable values. However this optimum decision strategy is calculated based on cost alone, If we consider the reputation loss along with revenue for the Latin Airlines, then transporting the ARS solution component by land has a 20% chance of delaying the aircraft by 3 more days leading to significant loss in reputation of the Airlines. Whereas transporting the ARS solution component by Air doesn’t have such of extending the delay and is 100% safe way of transport. Considering the difference in the cost between transferring ARS solution component by Air and by Land, the cost difference is only $7659, which is very negligible. So after considering the loss in revenue along with reputation for the Latin airlines, we suggest that the Optimum decision strategy will be to get the component from ARC solution and transport it via Air route.

Ketone reduction

IntroductionKetone reduction is one of the fundamental reactions in organic synthesis and this results to the formation of the corresponding alcohol as the final product. In synthetic organic chemistry carbonyl reduction is an important process leading to a wide variety of reducing being realized. Several of these reducing agents can be used to reduce all carbonyl groups, but one class of compounds only react with hydride donors. Taking for example lithium aluminum hydride reduces in most occasion’s ketone, esters and aldehydes.Experiment 5B:The experiment was performed using the right procedures that was provided and the instructions followed to the latter and in this case sodiumborohydride was used as the reducing agent, the protocol followed came from a laboratory manual or primary literature. It is said in theory that the four hydrides in sodium borohydride are always in place to reduce a molecule of ketone, this suggests that one mole of sodium borohydride reduces four mo les of ketone. Sodium borohydride in this experiment was used to reduce 4-t-butylcyclohexanone which has a large sized t-butyl group making it to exist in an almost exclusive chair conformation one of its kind.Post-Lab assignment1. a)   The Lewis structure of a hydride ion is as shown;H- (hydride) Lewis structure and the (electron dot diagram) [H]+ or H+b)   This is because the carbonyl carbon has two delocalized electrons thus tends to   display high affinity for the four hydride ions (H-) off the Sodium borohydride which is highly neucleophilic2)  Ã‚   The mechanism involved the highly nucleophilic borohydride attacking at both the endo and the exo sides leading to the formation of both cis and trans isomers.4.   This was possible since the addition of dilute hydrochloric acid led to the formation of water molecule leading to neutralization of the excess reducing agent.5.   Percentage Yield = ratio of products to reactants multiplied by 100 percent6.  Ã‚   a) The mel ting point of the major product was rather low than the literature value melting point range.b)   This is so inorder to accommodate any experimental mistakes that might have occurred during the performance of the experiment also we can say that the presence and positioning of the t-butyl group contributed a great deal to the melting range of the product.7.  Ã‚   a)   There is absorbtion in IR at wave number 1710 cm-18.   The reaction forms two products since there is nucleophilic attack at both endo and exo sides of the main reactant 4-t-butylcyclohexanone, and the product structures are below,  Ã‚  t.-Bu  Ã‚  OH  Ã‚   cis-4-t-butylcyclohexanol      Or  OH   Ã‚  t-Bu   trans-4-butylcyclohexanol the main product.a) The Newman projection for the cis-isomer b) The Newman projection for the trans-isomerc)   Using the integrated values the ratio of cis/trans being the products can be calculated using the complex signals, one centered at 4.05 and the other near 3 .5 thus the areas under these complex signals are 0.85:3.66 or 1:4.3.References1.   University of West Florida, NMR Analysis of 4-t-Butylcyclohexanols

Death Of Salesman Essay

In Death Of A Salesman, Arthur Miller uses flashbacks, dramatic narrative technique. These flashbacks are normally used to express past ideas at the current status quo, which help readers get a clear insight of the character’s background. The commonality of these flashbacks used by Miller is they are all based on Willy Loman’s old memories. They reflect on the audience as what is going through Willy’s mind when he is lured into this dream state and how this differs to when he has a reality check. Generally, the flashbacks simply represent what Miller thinks about during the last stages of life before he suicides. These past reminiscence and imaginary details expressed by Miller unveil the past of the Loman family and what led to their current state as a family. There are 2 main flashbacks that have significant impacts on the Lomans. The first flashback is when Willy falls in his â€Å"Living The American Dream† state where his sons idolize him and the distinction between Bernard and Biff is shown. The second flashback is based on the brief scene where Charley and Willy are playing cards and Willy’s inability to accept the truth of reality is revealed. The first flashback made in Act 1 starts off with Willy floating away from reality and believing that he himself is a successful businessman and father. His self-esteem of being an idolized and respected salesman can be referred to the quotation: Someday I’ll have my own business, and I’ll never have to leave home any more.† Miller purposefully colours in Willy’s mind this mental state of having abundance of self-confidence in terms of his career. Miller wants to emphasize how this dream-like life of having such a successful occupation is completely different from what reality is like. He deliberately diverts Willy’s dreams into a completely opposite direction so that it because undoubtedly clear to the audience the need for Willy to have a reality check. In reality, the readers are already informed of the instability of Willy’s job and how he soon gets fired. The contrast between an unemployed individual and a successful salesman and the fact that for most of the time Willy believing himself to be the latter is what is being portrayed by this flashback. In addition, Willy’s high expectations and faith in his sons especially Biff is noticeable. When Biff says, â€Å" He keeps congratulating my initiative all the time, Pop† this is very different what Biff’s position in society is. Biff is still struggling to settle into the world of business. However, the crucial fact is that Biff finds out his true identity in reality whilst Willy who is drawn into Miller’s flashbacks think highly of his son in relationship to the community. In this flashback, Willy imagines Biff and happy holding onto his suitcases entering grandly into his stores. Such imagery detail expressed by Miller can be seen as the representation of what Willy thinks of his son. Furthermore, the comparison between Biff and Bernard is truly made through this flashback. Bernard is considered a complete nerd and Willy absolutely fail in the world of business where the only factor of competition is physical appearance. Willy thinks that Biff can outperform Bernard in ever aspect of the business society because Biff is generally well-liked proven by the point â€Å"Bernard is not well-liked, is he?’ This unreal and idealistic concept of Willy’s that one’s outward appearance is all that matters in business as a salesman is what eventually turns out costly to the Lomans. The irony comes in when the readers find out that Bernard later becomes one of the top lawyers in the country while Biff gets nowhere. This is just one of several where Willy’s predictions on life has turned out false. Unsurprisingly, Willy later on borrows money from Bernard’s father, which shows how Willy’s knowledge on how to become successful has been inaccurate not only for his generation but also for his son’s generation. Willy looks down and underestimates Bernard but envies Bernard’s father, which ridicules Willy’s theory of being well-liked. Yet, Willy still denies this contradiction within his statements that seem self-explanatory to the readers as it is portrayed in the flashback. His unawaresness of his contradiction leads to his fictitious self-belief of being so triumphant that he â€Å"knocked ‘em cold in Providence, slaughtered ‘em in Boston.† The ironical scene of this flashback is what highlights the main flaws of his life. Willy’s fallacy of how to be successful in business is completely demolished after Miller heightens the prosperity of Bernard over Biff in Willy’s flashback. The second flashback occurs also in Act 1 when Charley and Willy are playing cards at his place as the flashback seeps into Willy’s mind little by little. Tension grows in their conversation as Charley stirs up the question of Willy’s job. Willy feels insulted after Charley asks if he has a job. To stay assured, Willy taps his mind back into the past and says â€Å"If I’d gone with him to Alaska that time, everything would’ve been totally different.† Miller makes sure it is straightforward that Willy has an ongoing obsession of the past. This flashback demonstrates how Willy is too overly dependent on his dreamy past, which is why when he feels insecure after Charley’s question, he tries to justify his success from the reminiscence of his past. In addition, Willy’s longing desired to be a successful businessman is brought up again as Miller relates him to Ben’s words: â€Å"when I was seventeen I walked into the jungle, and when I was twenty-one I walked out. And by God I was rich.† Ben is an incarnate of success for Willy that explains why he wants his son, Biff, to have Ben as his role model. Such advice given by Willy unveils his failure for not following the rules of the Jungle expedition, which could have been the key route to success. The flashback reveals Willy’s true mind of not being able to accept the truth about himself. He acknowledges the fact he is not being appreciated by society anymore or if he ever was. This signifies that he actually understands the reality of this scene but he soon contradicts himself into thinking that he is successful when he says â€Å" I won’t have you mending stockings in this house† His confidence of his financial state is recalled and proves his inability to accept the things the way they are. It is too stressful and mentally painful for Willy to accept his own failure as a salesman and his ineptitude to be â€Å"well-liked†. Willy uses flashbacks because he finds it easier to create a reality of his own where he is successful, thereby forming disorder. The irony and imagery behind Willy’s flashbacks are what Miller manipulates to show the true nature of Willy.

Mis 2200 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Mis 2200 - Essay Example One should understand this key element of the group’s makeup when outlining the mode and content of one’s presentation. Unlike a standard business audience that often contains employees and business representatives united by common business objectives and appropriate knowledge and experience of the presentation topic, the goal of completing the course is often the common denominator with the classroom audience. For the classroom audience, technical jargon may not be appropriate, and the level of detail presented should be custom-tailored to accommodate the differences in knowledge of the audience. Additionally, as with any audience, the classroom audience appreciates clarity and brevity. Often, a number of students deliver presentations during one class. The ability to communicate in a clear and concise manner when presenting can add impact and interest for the audience. Conversely, presenters who ramble and provide extraneous detail can make a presentation boring and ponderous. Like knowing the audience, the appropriate level of detail presented in a clear and concise manner is critical to delivering a memorable and insightful message. Skills applied in the classroom translate to any presentation setting, and can be a critical part of success in the business world. Particularly in a classroom setting, one should know one’s audience and understand the level detail needed for effective delivery of the material. Clarity and conciseness are vital to successful presentation and the presenter should tailor the delivery of the message to the unique audience in attendance as much as

Creating a Compelling Vision Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Creating a Compelling Vision - Assignment Example otivation needed for growth, provides a feeling of significance among the parties involved and most importantly, it provides a basis for decision-making (Holbeche, 1998). A number of global leaders are taking the leading role in formulation of visions geared towards placing their organizations in favorable ranks with reference to corporate performance. For example, BBC staff became much more engaged when the British broadcaster switched its vision to â€Å"to be the world’s most creative organization† from the previous â€Å"to be the best managed organization in the public sector†. The employees at the broadcaster have been quoted as saying they are â€Å"lucky† to be there (Mackin, 2007). Such roadmaps have been very effective; both in terms of their communication and implementation, and their fruits can now be seen. Some visions may create more impetus than others may, but the most important thing is that it should capture the core values of the organization, should be attainable and be able to distinguish the organization from its peers in terms of defining the organizations expected

Consumer behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Consumer behavior - Essay Example There is a contrary perspective as well, which is, organization can straight way come up with marketing strategies, and then influence the consumer behaviour. That is, if the organization makes an all out ‘attack’ on the customers’ sense organs of eyes, ears and even nose, they can influence or tune the consumer’s behaviour and their buying habits. Either way, it is of paramount importance to focus on consumers’ behaviour and come up with marketing strategies, so the organization’s product or service can be made an enticing one as well as an optimally selling and successful one. In that direction, the focus will be on the British product or brand of BMW’s MINI or MINI Hatch, explaining how its marketing mix elements driven by psychological and sociological drivers has been working together to influence consumer buying behaviour, and thereby aiding it to become one of the most successful consumer products of the world. Background Mini (b randed initially as MINI, MINI Cooper and now as MINI Hatch) was originally a British automotive brand, but is now currently owned and manufactured by the German auto major, BMW Group. Due to its unique design and performance, Mini, since its launch in 1950s, became one of the most likeable and popular cars in Britain as well as throughout the world. It came under BMW’s control in 1994, when BMW purchased Minis’ then owner, Rover. However, with Rover facing massive losses at the turn of the millennium, BMW decided to sell Rover and thereby stop treating â€Å"'The English Patient†, as the struggling Rover subsidiary was nicknamed by the British Press. Even while selling off the Rover, BMW understanding the significance and potential of Mini as a brand made up its mind to hold it. They allowed Rover to sell out all the manufactured models, and when the last one was sold, the brand name 'Mini' got reverted to BMW. Under that brand name, BMW started manufacturing o f its version at Oxford plant in Cowley, United Kingdom, thereby launching what came to be one of the most successful brand plus iconic products out of UK. BMW’s MINI as an optimal PRODUCT With BMW reworking and re-branding an already successful product of Mini, it had in its hand an optimal PRODUCT, when it launched it in 2000 at the Paris Motor Show. During the launch, BMW modified the brand name as MINI Cooper, with the letters of ‘Mini’ capitalized, along the addition of the name Cooper. Both these changes were done to give it a makeover and importantly to differentiate it from the Mini was produced by Rover. This fresh avatar of MINI was unrelated to the old Mini in the technical and configuration sense, but still retained certain key, successful and iconic features like the transverse 4 cylinders, along with front-wheel-drive configuration and importantly the iconic as well as the unique "bulldog" touch. Although, they incorporated certain old features, the new MINI was an advancement or forward evolution of the old car, as many technologically advanced aspects starting from the high powered engine to various technical and non-technical aspects were featured. BMW MINI’s designer Frank Stephenson had this to say, â€Å"The MINI Cooper is not a retro design car, but an evolution of the original. It has the genes and many of the characteristics of its

King Kong (1933) and Scarface (1932) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

King Kong (1933) and Scarface (1932) - Essay Example But for film makers to present their stories in an excellent manner there are a couple of factors they need to be considered. These factors may be numerous but are highly interrelated and thus they have to ensure that each of them is well connected to the total make up of the film. Three of these factors are story structure, cinematography and editing. In instances where any of these three pillars is misplaced, there is a very high tendency that the whole story of the film will be misplaced and this would affect the subtext stories used in the film production. The present essay therefore looks at how makers of the two films King Kong (1933) and Scarface (1932) used the elements of story structure, editing and cinematography to bring out the subtext of their films clearly. Story structure of the two films The story structure of King Kong (1933) is set around the theme of love. Indeed, in the plot of the film, the producer is careful in presenting the theme of love in a clear cut manne r without ambiguity right from the start of the film. One of the major strengths in the film’s story structure would perhaps have to do with the fact that the film depicts the theme of love from several angels including love affair that was not built between two human beings. This is because at the beginning of the story structure, there is an indication of love for a person’s job when Carl Denham decided to look for a female actress by himself after Charles Weston refused to do so. The eagerness with which Carl set off in the search gave a strong undertone of a story of love for his work. Consequently, there is another story of love told between Ann and Driscoll, who until meeting Ann had said that a woman had no place on his ship. Indeed, Driscoll would throw his personality of toughness away to embrace love. As if this was enough on the subject of love, the gigantic beast known as Kong is introduced into the movie, only to come and also fall in love with the beautif ul Ann. Indeed, this was a mighty beast, which had the power of destroying the whole world at a go. But the only thing that would make it calm was the love of a beautiful woman. Without any doubt, the subtext in King Kong is the power of love in suppressing human personality. The story structure in the film Scarface (1932), was quite different from that of King Kong. This could greatly be blamed to the story line and the theme selected by the writer. Unlike King Kong, which had a central theme of love, the central theme in Scarface was power and authority. This was contrasting only in terms of how it was presented in the story structure. This is because King Kong also had a theme of power and authority vested in the character and personality of the Kong. However, this was not made to be the major running theme in the story structure of King Kong. Yet again, there was a theme of love in Scarface when Tony’s sister Cesca married Guino, who was Tony’s friend. Indeed, the writer had an option of making that love relationship a central theme in the story structure but that was left to the power and authority struggle that Tony and Lovo was going through. It was not for nothing that in the plot, the marriage ceremony between Cesca and Guino was made to be a secret one (Sanghi, 2007). In all this, the writer made the topic of love to the subtext of Scarface because at a time when Tony had deeply offended his sister and

Production And Perfect Competition - Market Activity Coursework

Production And Perfect Competition - Market Activity - Coursework Example 2: Losses to be incurred in Case B Fig. 3: Other Variances As can be observed with reference to the above illustrated calculations for both the cases A and B, the firm is projected to witness significant changes in terms of its losses incurred. Apparently, in both the cases, the firm will have to suffer huge losses. However, when comparing both the cases, i.e. when the TFC is $1,000,000 and when the TFC is increased to $3,000,000, the firm will have to suffer greater losses in Case B with the rise in its TFC. To be noted, with the TFC amounted to $1,000,000, the firm is projected to incur a loss of $400,000; whereas, with a TFC increment to $3,000,000, the firm will have to suffer a huge loss of $2,400,000. Considering the amount of calculated per unit and per work loss for the given cases, it can further be observed that the loss incurring risks will increase substantially if the firm decides to operate with a TFC of $3,000,000, which can further be deemed a unrecoverable without hu ge sums of additional investments. On the other hand, the losses incurred in case A can be deemed as recoverable for the firm, subjected to its strategic and managerial efficiencies (Schmitz Jr., 2005). Therefore, comparing and contrasting the changes in the cost variables which the firm might have to incur in both the cases A and B, it can be suggested that the firm should immediately shutdown when its TFC increases to $3,000,000, i.e. in case B. 2. For one of the cases, if the firm can operate at a loss in the short-run, how many employees need to be laid off in order for the company to break even? Break-even is commonly defined as the situation when the total revenue of a firm equals the total amount of costs incurred for a given quantity of output (Armstrong, 2006). In other words, when the firm will incur neither loss nor profit, it can be stated that the firm has reached its break-even. Considering the calculations in fig. 1 of the above section, it can be apparently observed that for case B, the firm will have to incur a huge loss of $2,400,000 and therefore should shutdown immediately. In contrast, when the TFC amounts to $1,000,000 in case A, the firm will have to incur a loss of $400,000. Hence, it can be affirmed that the company can operate at a loss in the short run when its TFC is $1,000,000 incurring lesser loss than that projected in case B. Furthermore, when the firm incurs $400,000 loss in case A, it shall have to lay off 5,000 employees, assuming all other variables to be fixed. To be specific, with the given daily wage rate of $80, the total wage for 45,000 workers (i.e. 50,000-5,000 workers) will amount to $400,000 which is again equivalent to the loss projected to be incurred by the firm with a TFC of $1,000,000. Therefore, by laying-off 5,000 employees, the firm will be able to reduce it variable cost by $400,000 and consequently, will not have to incur any loss. In such circumstance, the total cost to be incurred by the firm will be, TF C ($1,000,000) + TVC ($4,400,000 - $400,000) = $5,000,000; equivalent to the total output of the firm. Hence, it can be concluded that by laying-off 5,000 employees, the firm can reach its break-even when TFC equals to $1,000,000. 3. Given a Lower Number of Employees Now Working at The Company, What is the Change in Worker Productivity? In the above illustrated calculations, it was derived that

Criminal Law Term Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Criminal Law Term - Essay Example He was released the next day when it was confirmed that he had paid the fine. He sued BCJ and ECCF under 42 U.S.C. Â § 1983. The case1 primarily challenged the authority on his rights under Fourth Amendment to strip search procedure on minor offense. The court upheld the appeal that strip search in minor offense violates the individual’s rights under Fourth Amendment. This verdict was reversed by the Unites States Supreme Court in 2012 and allows law authorities huge leverage to conduct search, including strip search even for minor offense. The court verdict was supported by 5-4 majority. Issue The main issue is that of rights granted to citizens of America under Fourth Amendment which challenges jail authorities to conduct strip search of individuals arrested for minor offense without solid reasons. The privacy rights of individuals are therefore at stake. Rule 42 U.S.C. Â § 19832, popularly known as Section 1983, provides citizens of United States, as injured party in the court of law, to sue and claim redress for violations of their rights, privileges and immunities as granted by the Constitution and Laws of the nation. The Fourth Amendment3 promotes privacy rights and explicitly forbids search of individuals including in their persons, house, paper, and effects that violates rights to be secure and says that no warrants shall be issued unless supported by oath and affirmation. Thus, authorities can conduct search only when they have reasonable suspicion or affirmation to the facts that individual has violated the law. Analysis The case is important because it questions the validity of Fourth Amendment and defines the parameters of rights of citizens under it. The verdict supported strip search. The petitioner contended that minor offense, which actually did not apply, was not sufficient reason for the humiliating strip search that he had undergone twice within a period of seven days in Burlington jail and Essex correctional center. The section 1983 and the fourth amendment, both call for reasonable suspicion for search. Indeed, rights if citizens under Fourth Amendments has been controversial for long. Supreme Court has yet to analyze and define the reasonable clauses that justify rights of citizens under Fourth Amendment for strip searches in jails and detention centers4. In Florence v. Board of Chosen Freeholders of the County of Burlington, the Supreme Court verdict upheld the legitimacy of strip search and declared that detention centers must have substantial power so as to maintain safety and order in the place. They also maintained that the threat of contraband being brought inside the jail or detention facilities is critical issue that substantially outweighs the privacy interests of the detainees or the petitioner. It can be argued that reasonable suspicion is important ingredient that needs to be considered within the wider scope of fourth amendment and was also considered in this case. The petitioner was already onc e arrested in 1998 in Essex for fleeing police and charged with obstruction of justice and use of deadly weapon. He was fined when he pled guilty. In 2005, he was arrested for defaulting in the fine, which was already paid but somehow not updated in the record. The petitioner was not searched in the police station but in the Burlington jail when was to share his cell with others. Thus, for security purpose, the search was necessary. Indeed, as

Acculturation of Hispanic Population in the United States Research Paper

Acculturation of Hispanic Population in the United States - Research Paper Example The people from every culture have brought diversity in American culture with the uniqueness of respective culture. The Hispanic culture and community has been diffused all over the country propounding new traditions, trends customs, and cultures and acquired the status of the largest minority group. America’s bilingual educational structure is the impact of the growing Hispanic population as the largest minority. According to Census Bureau of US (2003), â€Å"Young, Diverse, Urban: Hispanic Population Reaches All-time High of 38.8 Million† (Naidoo, 33) These Hispanic groups in the United States have faced certain obstacles from the culture of United States since the time of their arrival. While there has been interchanged of values between the US society and the Hispanics, yet their stay in the United States have brought them certain benefits, which they perhaps could not access back at home. The Hispanic groups are often referred as an â€Å"assimilation-oriented society† (Schaefer, 235) where the problem of language difference has been existent since the time of their arrival in the United States. For a long period of time, the Hispanics witnessed hindrances in schooling for children speaking Spanish. The recognition of the bilingual status and bicultural trend have been accepted and credited in the States only in the recent years. In the current years, Spanish has been recognized as an asset rather than a liability. Variations in accents and pronunciation of the same language have faced resistance from the â€Å"language purity movement† (Schaefer, 235). For the last two to three decades Hispanics were discouraged to speak Spanish. The Hispanic children were differentiated from the Anglos in schools. For the last two to three decades Hispanics were discouraged to speak Spanish. (Schaefer, 242) Children were punished if they were caught speaking in Spanis h within school premises. The ability of a person to adapt to the stressors is refereed as allostasis. This allostatic load factor is important to judge the proper health status. When an individual is exposed to adverse situations for a long time, it is normal for them to become vulnerable to such challenges involving physiological strain and such alterations lead to a deterioration in health conditions.

Influence of American Pop Culture and Media Essay Example for Free

Influence of American Pop Culture and Media Essay Pop culture and the media has firmly imbedded itself into the mindset of todays society resulting in people emulating and interpreting as hard fact everything that they see and hear through TV, magazines or radio. This is due to the fact that popular media has becomes a window into the rest of the world for most people because of its availability, entertaining qualities and popularity with a majority of ones pears. This has caused a mindset to develop wherein individuals believe that what they see in the media and what is being espoused in popular culture is what they should be like. As a result what has been created is a culture of emulation wherein people dress like what they see on T. V. and in magazines, act the same way as their idols, develop systems of beliefs based on what they perceive to be the norm and finally go so far as to change their very bodies all in an effort to become what they perceive to be the way they should be as dictated by pop culture and the media. The novel Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury is a depiction of the end result of a cultural attitude of relying too much on popular media as source of information in ones daily life. It portrays a dystopian society where books are illegal and people get all their information from TV or the radio shows resulting in a society where no new ideas are created and suffers from a distinct lack of being able to learn from its mistakes or to think for itself. Compared to todays media based society where people have become increasingly reliant on popular media in the form of TV and radio to nearly the verge of addiction the future described by Bradbury doesnt seem far off. What this paper will seek to examine is the positive and negative effects of popular media on society and how it effects the behavior of society in general. Positive effects of pop culture and the media Cultural Understanding Popular culture and the media has given rise to an assortment of cultural attitudes adopted by different cultures around which are distinctly American. As a result cultures and societies which normally wouldnt have anything to do with the U. S. all of sudden have adopted American customs as their own due the influence of pop culture and the media. This has resulted in the spread of the English language, the creations of a distinct appreciation of the American movie industry as well as a growing dependence on American programming as way to pass the time. Through mass media people have been connected in a way that hasnt been present since the start of civilization. Movie stars have fans in the millions, along with various TV actors and music artists. It has come to a point wherein American pop culture has an almost religious following in the form of the numerous fans who idolize American stars (Hollander 2010). Growth of American business Pop culture and mass media is an ever growing industry brining in hundreds of billions of dollars in annual earnings. In the form of advertising deals, satellite TV fees, merchandising and other forms of money making schemes generated by the industry. As a result the pop culture of American is actually helping to support the U. S. economy since not only are there people willing to buy products that they see on TV or in magazines in the U. S. but there are foreign buyers as well who are just as adamant in buying these products, if not more so (Hollander 2010) . Negative Effects of Media Creation of a materialistic culture Due to the obsession of the public over what they see in magazines and TV the result has been a culture that is obsessed over brand name goods, unique gadgets or anything that their idols on TV are shown to be using whether it be a brand of water or a type of earring the general public becomes so obsessed with trying to look like them that they spend thousands of dollars doing so. No where is this more obvious that with the brand of shoe wear Nike. In order to get specific shoe models like the Air Jordans or other such version associated with a famous star a lot of shoe aficionados are willing to pay hundreds or even thousands of dollars just to collect items that for them are associated with a famous individual. This is due to the proliferation of commercials portraying their stars using these sort of products which results in people buying just for the sake of being more like their idols even if the product is grossly overpriced and overrated. Not only that but people in the process of buying these products develop huge credit card debt because of another development of pop culture namely the use of the credit card wherein instead of waiting and saving to obtain a certain product people satiate their immediate desires by using a credit card with its â€Å"buy now pay later† attractiveness. Which unfortunately has resulted in a attitude of bad spending and debt as a result of the America’s credit card culture. Creation of a TV centric culture Pop culture and the media has created a culture literally obsessed with televisions. Individuals spend hours on end watching TV and not moving from a single spot. This is due to the fact that a lot of shows are so entertaining and geared toward keeping an audience riveted in their seats that few people have the inclination to do otherwise. It is due to this that most people prefer watching TV than reading books or even going out for regular exercise resulting in a rise in the number of cases of people being overweight or even being obese due to lack of exercise. Not only that but a slow mental deterioration has occurred with a percentage of the population since instead of books they prefer the convenience of televisions resulting in a population that is actually more insular and less prone to new ideas and concepts as a result of this preference of TV over books. Effects on Society Development of Stereotypes Since popular forms of media such as TV, magazines and radio are thought of as windows to the world most individuals believe that the cultural connotations and the portrayal of individual ethnicities in TV programs as well as their unique characterizations are based on reality. The truth is that most of what is being portrayed is meant to entertain and amuse and audience and not be taken as hard fact. The end result is truth blended with fiction to such an extent that the distinction between the two is blurred and results in false impressions and perceptions. These impressions can cause a negative impact on how a particular ethnic group is thought of in reality. In movies and television series different ethnic groups always seem to have a generic characterization of the way that their particular race is suppose to act. This has resulted in a situation wherein these ethnic groups are rarely seen as anything else even outside of realm of media and popular culture. An example of this sort of perception is the characterization of African Americans in movies and programs. They are shown as loving to wear expensive jewelry, oversized clothes, have gold plated teeth or that nearly all of them are related to gang affiliated violence, have tattoos prominently placed on enjoy sporting shaved heads (Associated Content 2010). In reality this particular perception may not be true at all as evidenced by the current U. S. President who is an African American and does not seem to conform to the image portrayed by the media as what a black person is like. Unfortunately due to their portrayal in the media black Americans are often thought of as having criminal tendencies and being inherently violent with no actual basis on this perception aside from what is in the entertainment industry. Another ethnic group that is often maligned in movies and television shows are Asians. They are commonly associated as possessing the distinct inability to be understood, having a distinct inability in speaking the English language, are in possession of strange accents and strange association with all Asians as being of Chinese origin. As a result of their portrayal in popular media discrepancies occur in what people believe Asians to be and how they really are. Image Issues The power of the media is such that people are easily influenced by what they see. They choose to emulate even when that emulation leads to disastrous consequences. For adolescents the idea of what it means to beautiful is based upon their impressions of what is being portrayed by the media, these days the image that the media has been espousing is the idea that being thin equates to being beautiful. This is shown through the numerous commercial, magazine and billboard models who are all nearly stick thin and shallow faced. This has led to todays popular notion that being thin is in resulting in the numerous cases of eating disorders of adolescents who are desperate to look thin in order to appear beautiful in other people’s eyes (Kendrick 2008). The popularity of dieting is such that based on studies that have been conducted nine out of 10 people have tried dieting in the past in order to lose weight. This obsession with dieting is due to constant references to it via popular media either through magazine articles, sitcom characters and even models quoted during interviews. It is a fact that the media has created the concept that in order for women to attract men they have to be beautiful and since the idea being popularized by the media is that being thin makes you look beautiful a lot of women wind up dieting in order to conform to this image of beauty to attract a potential partner (Perez – Cueto 2009). The media through its proliferation of programs, advertisements and articles that portray thin women as being beautiful and popular is definitely at fault for the growing number of adolescents who have been affected by eating disorders. Adolescents are at the age wherein they are easily influenced by whatever they see and hear. This results that they possess the need to be accepted by others and feel like they are needed. With the media showing that being thin means being popular and well accepted it is no wonder that cases of adolescent anorexia have risen. Conclusion While American pop culture and mass media does have a good side since it does support the proliferation of the American culture to other societies around the world the advantages do not outweigh the disadvantages. Mass media has actually caused a devolution in the way people think since they prefer the mind numbing effects of television than that of mental stimulation from books. That through the spread of popular culture misconceptions arose about the different ethnic groups out there which people believe as the truth due to their reliance on popular media. That people have been becoming lazier, more easily influenced and more likely to cause irreparable damage to their bodies due the influences that have affected their minds. In the end American pop culture and mass media while being immensely popular is also a source of immense deterioration of the common sense and intellect of society.